Monday, December 4, 2023

Intro to Business Chapter 12 Notes

Delivering Value

  • Customer buy products that offer the best value when it comes to meeting their needs and wants

  • Value and benefit-value compares a product's benefits (fatures of the product and the meotional satisfaction associated with owning it) with its costs (including the price and the buyer's time)

  • Value and utility- ability of a product to satisfy a human want or need is called utility. Marketing strives to provides 4 kinds of utility, form, place, possession, and time utility.

    • Form features that we want

    • Place offers something abaivalbe in a place where u can consume it and purcahse it

    • Possession transfer ownership pride and satisfaction

    • Time convient timing

 

Goods services and ideas

  • Marketing can be desinged for

    • Consumer goods:tangible products purcahse by peopl for their use

    • Industrail goods: products purcahsed by companies to use directly or indeirctly to produce other product

    • Services: in tangible products to serve users' needs

    • Ideas- thoughts or philosophies (engage and drive growth)

 

Relationship marketing

  • Building lasting relationships with customers and suppliers

    • Can focus on estabilshing long term relationship with customer and with suppliers

  • Consider that customer loyalty provides benefits through positive word of mouth adversisitn but also has economic benefits, as it is expensive to attract new customers

 

Customer relationship marketing (CRM)

  • Organized methods used to build information connections to improve company-cilent relationships

    • Data warehousing

    • Data mining

 

 

Marketing Evironment

  • The marketing environment = marketing srategies influence by marketing environment

  • Potliical and Legal environment

    • Legislation and government programs can be favourable or not

    • Marketing managers try to maintain avour by

      • Gaining public support products

      • Advertising for public awareness of importantissues

      • Lobbying and contributign to political parties

  • Social and cultural environment

    • Reflects the changin values, beliefs, and ideas of a society

    • Sociocultural environment-- changing social values force companies to devop and promote new products

    • Growing popularity of organic food

    • Changes in social and cultural pratices lead to the death of some products and the birth of other. Changes in lifestlye create need for some products over other leading to market gorwth(such as the growth of the fitness industry as the population ages and becomes more health conscious)

 

Economic Environment

  • Conditions affect spending patterns of businesses and indivduals

    • The can dollar

    • Inflation/deflation

    • Interest rates

    • Business cycle

  • Because they determine spending patterns by consumers, businesses, and governments, economic conditions influence marketing plans for product offering, pricing and promotional strategies. Marketers are concerned with such economic variables as inflation, interest rates, and recession.

  • Impacts discretionary spending

 

 

 


 



Intro to Business Chapter 15 Notes

  

The 3 line fucntions of any business are

  • Production

  • Sales

  • Finance

  • No business without all three

Finance involves 4 key responsibilities

  • Determine a firms long-term investments

  • Obtain Funds to pay for thos investments

  • Conduct the firms everyday financial activities

  • Help manage the risks that a firm takes

Roles of a financial Manager

  • The financial manager objectives

    • Increase firm value and stockholder wealth

    • Collect funds, pay debts, establish trade credit, obtain loans, control cash, plan for future needs

    • Responsible for planning and overseeing the financical resources of a firm

  • Cash-flow management

    • Purchase materials, capital goods and human resources it needs to produce goods and services

    • Managing the pattern of cash inflows and outflows

    • Invseting funds that are not needed to service debt-idle cash balances

    • Funds must either committed to maintaining the firm, or raring interest and not sitting idle

  • Financial Control

    • This is the process of checking actual performance agnaist plans to ensure that the desired financial status occurs

    • Checking performance agnaist strategic plans

    • Sales and expense vary from actual

    • Strategies higher than expected revenue-strategies lower than expected revenue-expensees too high- expenses lower than expected

    • Making adjustments

    • Preparing budgets to ensure that enough cash in on hand to meet operational and debt-service needs

  • Financial Planning

    • What funds are needed with immediate plans?

    • When will the firm need more funds

    • Where can the firm get the funds to meet its ST and LT needs?

    • A plan to get a desired fianancial status

      • Projections of revenue flows

      • Sources and planned uses of funds to meet both short- and long-term goals

      • Timing of when funds will be required

Short term (operating) expenses

  • Accounts payable

    • Money owed to suppliers

    • Largest short term debt

  • Accounts receivable

  • Inventory

    • Raw materials

    • Work in process

Long-term (Capital) Expenditures

  • Fundsing fixed assets that have a long life and a lasting value

    • Land, building, machinery

    • LCM considerations-Long term commitment

  • Not normally sold or converted into cash

  • Acquisition requires a large investment; ties up the firm's resources-need to evaulate if the asset will provide an appropriate return

Short term funds

  • Allows firms to cover operational expenses and implement short-term plans

  • Factoring accounting receivable

    • Selling AR

    • Cost of collection including write offs

  • Trade credit

    • The granting of credit by selling firm to a buying firm

    • Open book credit

    • Promissory note

    • Tug of war with accounts recievable

    • Like a ST loan

    • Pay customers slowly bu collect wuick

    • Delay pmt to keep using cash

  • Secured Loans

    • Which the borrower is required to put up collateral

    • Interest rates are lower than unsecured loans

    • Appeals to firms whos redit rating is not sufficient to qualify for unsecured loans

  • Unsecured Loans

    • Line of Credit-Revolving credit agreements

    • Commercial paper- selling unsecured notes for less than face value-then repurcahsing later

Sources of long-term funds

  • Firms need long term funding to finance expenditures on fixed assets such as buildings and equipment that is necessary for conducting business

    • Debt financing

      • LT loans

      • Corporate bonds

        • Callable Bonds

          • May be called at anytime, or after a min period of time and paid off for a pecified call price

        • Convertible bonds

          • Option of receiving common stock instead of cash

        • Secured

          • Reduce risk of bonds by pledging assets and reducing risk

        • Unsecured

        • Bearer bonds

          • If u have them u own them

        • Registered bonds

          • Names of holders are registered

        • A promise by the borrower to pay the lender an amount of money on the maturity date including principal plus interest-bond ratings- discount if your rate is lower than market, premium is higher.

    • Equity financing

Common Stock

  • A firm sells ownership rights by issuing shares investors buy the stock hoping that it will appreciate

  • Residual interest (after creditors, pref shares)

Retained Earning

  • Financing by retaining profits in the firm and not paying dividends to shareholders

  • Hybride fiancing

Preferred Shares

  • Cumulative or on cumulative payments, as do bonds

  • Can you force a dividend payment?

    • No

  • Unlike bonds, they do not normally have a maturity (redemption) date - if they do, they are liabilities

  • Have no voting rights, so control of the firm is not affected

  • preference

 

 

 

 

 

 

Choosing between Debt and Equity Financing

  • Capital structure: the mis of debt vs equity

  • Financial plans usually include a target for the debt-equity mix.

 

Securities Markets

  • Primary Securities Market

    • Sale and purchase of newly issued stocks or bonds

  • Stock exchange

  • Stockbrokers

    • People licensed to buy and sell securities for customers in the secondary market

      • Discount brokers

      • Full-service brokers

      • Online trading

  • Toronto Stock Exchange

    • The largest exchange in canada

  • Over the counter market

    • Numberous dealers who trade amount themeselves for smaller firms and those not listed on exchanges

    • Also trade fixed income securities

  • NASDAQ

    • The world's first electronic stock market

Buying and selling securties

  • Bear market

    • Falling prices

  • Bull market

    • Rising prices

  • Market Indexes

    • Summarize trends in the stock market and specific industries

  • Market orders

    • Shares ordered

  • Limit orders

 


Monster analysis

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